What's the difference between reputation management and SEO?

SEO focuses on ranking
SEO makes websites rank higher in search results through technical optimization, content structure, and link building. It works on any topic: you can rank for product keywords, business names, or general information. The goal is visibility for specific queries.
Reputation management focuses on what ranks
Reputation work cares specifically about what appears when someone searches your name or business. You're managing existing results more than creating new ranking power. The goal is ensuring positive content ranks first and negative content ranks lower or disappears.
Overlap exists
Both use content creation, profiles, and linking strategies. Both care about what Google shows. A strong personal website helps both SEO and reputation.
When you need both
If you want your business to rank for service keywords ("plumber in Portland"), hire an SEO specialist. If you want to control what appears when someone Googles your name personally, that's reputation management. Many professionals need both: SEO for business growth, reputation management for personal control.
The practical difference
Reputation specialists monitor your name specifically, respond to reviews and mentions, and remove harmful listings. SEO specialists optimize for broad search terms. Some agencies do both, but the skill sets aren't identical.